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| c. 1700 |
| | | Holland and England are now producing the magnificent ocean-going merchant vessels known as East Indiamen | |
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| 1714 |
| | | In the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Spanish Netherlands are transferred to Austria | |
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| 1746 |
| | | The French commander Maurice de Saxe succeeds in occupying the entire Austrian Netherlands | |
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| 1792 |
| | | After their success at Valmy, French republican armies overrun much of the Austrian Netherlands | |
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| 1795 |
| | | The Netherlands, forced by invasion into the French camp, is transformed into the Batavian republic | |
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| 1797 |
| | | Napoleon achieves the peace of Campo Formio, by which Austria cedes the Austrian Netherlands and northern Italy to France | |
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| 1802 |
| | | The Treaty of Amiens restores the Cape of Good Hope to the Netherlands | |
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| 1806 |
| | | Napoleon announces that Holland is to be a kingdom, with his 28-year-old brother Louis Bonaparte on the throne | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The head of the house of Orange becomes, for the first time, the sovereign prince of the Netherlands | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The English and Prussian generals Wellington and Blücher defeat Napoleon in a closely fought battle at Waterloo | |
|  | Sketch map of the positions of the armies at Waterloo
National Archives, Kew
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